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== Damage rolls ==
== Damage rolls ==
The base damage dealt by a [[weapons|weapon]], [[spells|spell]], class action or condition is usually determined by a ''damage roll''. Damage rolls are [[dice rolls]] made using the dice specified in the harmful source's description.
The base damage dealt by a [[weapons|weapon]], [[spells|spell]], class action or condition is usually determined by a ''damage roll''. Damage rolls are [[dice rolls]] made using the dice specified in the harmful source's description.
Creatures add a relevant [[abilities|ability score modifier]] to the results of their damage rolls, and if they have the relevant [[proficiency]], they also add their proficiency bonus.


=== Notation ===
=== Notation ===
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Dice used when making damage rolls is usually any number of dice with a minimum size of d4 and a maximum size of d12.
Dice used when making damage rolls is usually any number of dice with a minimum size of d4 and a maximum size of d12.
=== Modifiers ===
When a creature deals damage,they make a damage roll and add any applicable modifiers to the results.{{note|Unlike d20 rolls, creatures normally do not add their [[proficiency|proficiency bonus]] to the results of their damage rolls.}} Modifiers are only added {{em|once}} per source, even multiple dice are rolled.
Damage rolls typically have an associated [[abilities|ability]], and creatures add their corresponding ability score modifier to the results of those rolls.
==== Weapon attacks ====
When making weapon attacks, the attacking creature's usually add their [[Strength]] or [[Dexterity]] modifier to the results of their damage roll.
Whether Strength or Dexterity is used depends on the weapon: usually Strength for melee weapons and Dexterity for ranged weapons.  The exceptions to this rule are [[Finesse]] weapons, which automatically select Strength or Dexterity, whichever score is higher; and [[Thrown]] weapons, which use Strength for both melee and ranged attacks.  If a weapon is both Thrown and Finesse, it uses the higher of Strength and Dexterity for both melee and ranged attacks.
Some examples, to make the possible combinations of Finesse and Thrown easier to understand:
* Using a [[Maul]] for a melee attack always uses Strength.
* Using a [[Rapier]] (Finesse) for a melee attack uses Strength or Dexterity; whichever the attacking creature has a higher score in.
* Shooting a [[Longbow]] for a ranged attack always uses Dexterity.
* Throwing a [[Handaxe]] (Thrown) for a ranged attack uses Strength.
* Throwing a [[Dagger]] (Finesse & Thrown) for a ranged attack uses Strength or Dexterity, whichever is higher.
Whether it's Strength or Dexterity that ends up being used, the following table defines the value of the modifier:
==== Spells ====
Casters do usually not add their ability score modifier to the damage rolls of spells they cast, unless a [[features|class features]] specifically permits them to do so, such as in the case of [[Warlock|warlocks]] with the {{SAI|Agonising Blast}} Invitation adding their [[Charisma]] modifier to the results of the damage rolls of {{SAI|Eldritch Blast}}.
=== Example ===
A successful attack with a {{WeaponIcon|Daggers}} [[Daggers|Dagger]] does a base of {{DamageText|1d4|Piercing}} damage (1~4). This means a single four-sided die [[File:D4_Piercing.png|20px|link=]] is rolled to determine the damage, for a total of 1 to 4 piercing damage. Most weapons use a single damage die, but some two-handed weapons use two: a successful attack with a {{WeaponIcon|Greatswords}} [[Greatswords|Greatsword]] does {{DamageText|2d6|Slashing}} damage (2~12), rolling two six-sided dice [[File:D6_Slashing.png|20px|link=]] for a total of 2 to 12 slashing damage. Damaging spells typically roll more dice: for example, being caught in a {{SAI|Fireball}} will cause {{DamageText|8d6|Fire}} damage (8~48), though a successful [[Saving Throw]] can reduce it to half.


== Damage types ==
== Damage types ==
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== Sources of damage ==
== Sources of damage ==
{{hatnote|See also: [[:Category:Sources of damage]]}}
A successful attack with a {{WeaponIcon|Daggers}} [[Daggers|Dagger]] does a base of {{DamageText|1d4|Piercing}} damage (1~4). This means a single four-sided die [[File:D4_Piercing.png|20px|link=]] is rolled to determine the damage, for a total of 1 to 4 piercing damage. Most weapons use a single damage die, but some two-handed weapons use two: a successful attack with a {{WeaponIcon|Greatswords}} [[Greatswords|Greatsword]] does {{DamageText|2d6|Slashing}} damage (2~12), rolling two six-sided dice [[File:D6_Slashing.png|20px|link=]] for a total of 2 to 12 slashing damage. Damaging spells typically roll more dice: for example, being caught in a {{SAI|Fireball}} will cause {{DamageText|8d6|Fire}} damage (8~48), though a successful [[Saving Throw]] can reduce it to half.
== Modifiers ==
For [[Weapons|Weapon]] attacks, the attacking creature's [[Ability Score Modifier]] for Strength or Dexterity is added as a bonus to the total value of the damage roll.  For the damage of [[Spell]] attacks, no such modifier exists, unless explicitly granted by a magical item, spell, or class feature (such as the '''Agonising Blast''' [[Eldritch Invocation]] for [[Warlock]]s).
The [[Proficiency#Proficiency_bonus|Proficiency Bonus]] and [[Advantage]] mechanics don't apply to Damage Rolls.
=== Ability Score Modifier ===
A bonus or penalty may be applied to the result of the roll based on either Strength or Dexterity.  For rolls involving multiple dice, such as 2d4, the dice are rolled together, and the modifier is applied to the total result, not to each die.
Whether Strength or Dexterity is used depends on the weapon: usually Strength for melee weapons and Dexterity for ranged weapons.  The exceptions to this rule are [[Finesse]] weapons, which automatically select Strength or Dexterity, whichever score is higher; and [[Thrown]] weapons, which use Strength for both melee and ranged attacks.  If a weapon is both Thrown and Finesse, it uses the higher of Strength and Dexterity for both melee and ranged attacks.
Some examples, to make the possible combinations of Finesse and Thrown easier to understand:
* Using a [[Maul]] for a melee attack always uses Strength.
* Using a [[Rapier]] (Finesse) for a melee attack uses Strength or Dexterity; whichever the attacking creature has a higher score in.
* Shooting a [[Longbow]] for a ranged attack always uses Dexterity.
* Throwing a [[Handaxe]] (Thrown) for a ranged attack uses Strength.
* Throwing a [[Dagger]] (Finesse & Thrown) for a ranged attack uses Strength or Dexterity, whichever is higher.
Whether it's Strength or Dexterity that ends up being used, the following table defines the value of the modifier:
{{AbilityScoreModifierTable}}


== A bit of mathematics ==
== A bit of mathematics ==
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Notice how often the 5 appears in the possibilities for the '''total value''' (4 out of 16 possibilities) vs. how often the 8 appears (1 out of 16).  This means a 2d4 roll has a 25% chance of resulting in 5 points of damage, but only a 6.125% chance of resulting in 8 points of damage.  Meanwhile, the 1d8 roll actually has a higher chance of resulting in the maximum damage value of 8, since 1 out of 8 possibilities (12.5%) result in an 8.
Notice how often the 5 appears in the possibilities for the '''total value''' (4 out of 16 possibilities) vs. how often the 8 appears (1 out of 16).  This means a 2d4 roll has a 25% chance of resulting in 5 points of damage, but only a 6.125% chance of resulting in 8 points of damage.  Meanwhile, the 1d8 roll actually has a higher chance of resulting in the maximum damage value of 8, since 1 out of 8 possibilities (12.5%) result in an 8.
== See also ==
* [[:Category:Sources of damage]]


{{NavGameplay}}
{{NavGameplay}}


[[Category:Gameplay mechanics]]
[[Category:Gameplay mechanics]]
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