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=== Ability Score Modifier ===
=== Ability Score Modifier ===


A creature's [[Ability Score]]s can modify the result of rolls depending on how high or low the score is.  (It can be negative if the score is very low.)
A creature's [[Ability Score]]s can modify the result of rolls, depending on how high or low the Ability Score is.  Which Ability Score is used to determine the Modifier depends on the roll that's being made.  The Ability Score Modifier for a specific [[Ability Score]] can be also be referred to by the name of that Ability Score, such as: Strength Modifier, Dexterity Modifier, etc.


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Which Ability Score is used to determine the Modifier depends on the roll that's being made.


==== For Attack Rolls ====
==== For Attack Rolls ====


Weapon attacks will generally use Strength or Dexterity, depending on the weapon.  For example, a [[Greatsword]] will always use Strength, and a [[Longbow]] will always use Dexterity.  For some weapons, the higher of two Ability Scores can be chosen for the rollThis includes melee weapons with the Finesse property such as [[Rapier]], and ranged weapons with the [[Thrown]] property such as [[Handaxe]].
Weapon attacks will generally use Strength or Dexterity, depending on the weapon and the type of attack madeMelee weapons use the Strength Modifier, unless they have the [[Finesse]] property (such as [[Dagger]] or [[Rapier]]), in which case Dexterity can be used insteadThe same rules apply to melee weapons with the [[Thrown]] property (such as [[Dagger]] or [[Handaxe]]) when they're thrown for a ranged attack: they use the Strength modifier, unless they also have both Thrown and Finesse (such as [[Dagger]]), in which case Dexterity can be chosen again.  Regular ranged weapons (such as Bows and Crossbows) always use Dexterity.


Spell attacks will use an [[Ability Score]] depending on the [[Class]] of the creature making it; see table above, under the section [[#Attack Roll]].
Spell attacks will use an [[Ability Score]] depending on the [[Class]] of the creature making it; see table above, under the section [[#Attack Roll]].
==== For Damage Rolls ====
For Weapon attacks, the exact same rules apply to Damage Rolls as for Attack Rolls.  If the Damage Roll involves multiple dice, such as the 2d6 damage of a Greatsword, then the Modifier is applied to the total value, not to each individual die roll.
For spell attacks, there is generally no Ability Score Modifier for the Damage Roll.  The damage of spell attacks is increased through other means.  For example, Cantrips such as [[Fire Bolt]] automatically become stronger as the caster reaches higher levels, and spells that expend spell slots can be cast at a higher level (expending a higher level spell slot) to increase their damage.  The details depend on the individual spell in question.


==== For Saving Throws ====
==== For Saving Throws ====
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The lack of Proficiency in spell casting becomes apparent when you give a scroll such as [[Scroll of Guiding Bolt]] to a character that can't otherwise cast spells.  Since [[Guiding Bolt]] uses an Attack Roll, but the character is not proficient in spell casting, they will have a lower chance to hit targets with the Guiding Bolt.
The lack of Proficiency in spell casting becomes apparent when you give a scroll such as [[Scroll of Guiding Bolt]] to a character that can't otherwise cast spells.  Since [[Guiding Bolt]] uses an Attack Roll, but the character is not proficient in spell casting, they will have a lower chance to hit targets with the Guiding Bolt.
==== For Damage Rolls ====
Damage Rolls cannot benefit from Proficiency.


==== For Saving Throws ====
==== For Saving Throws ====